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Four Trends Transforming the Workplace Our Students Will Inherit

The COVID pandemic changed our world in many ways. Some shifts, already apparent, influence our daily lives. Others are still emerging and may not be clear for some time. Some of the changes are specific to how we live our lives. Others are more general and may have an impact on how we work and relate to others. Many of these trends also have implications for how we prepare our students for the lives and work that lie ahead for them. Among these shifts are several post-COVID trends in the business world that deserve our attention as we contemplate the experiences we offer to our students and the preparation they will need to compete in a rapidly changing work environment. Here are four key trends increasingly shaping strategies adopted by leading businesses and providing implications for us to consider. Trend #1. Business strategy is increasingly driven by three “A’s” (artificial intelligence, automation, and analytics). While the pandemic slowed or stopped activity in many areas of life, leading businesses, for key tasks, used the interruption to invest resources to automate their work, thus decreasing their dependence on human performance. They also moved toward greater reliance on artificial intelligence to design processes, solve problems, and create opportunities. Meanwhile, sophisticated analytics increasingly monitor these shifts and provide real time information regarding what’s working, what needs adjusting, and what problems need addressing. Implications: Future workers need the ability to support technology that will perform key organizational functions and operations. Familiarity with emerging applications and implications of artificial intelligence will give our students an advantage in our rapidly evolving work environment. Understanding statistics and other mathematical concepts will be crucial to success in new roles. To what extent are we exposing our students to new developments in and applications of technology? How well are our students prepared to use mathematical thinking and skills to contribute in this new world? Trend #2. Worker success measures have shifted from IQ to EQ to AQ. Not long ago our society valued the intellectual intelligence, or IQ, of learners and workers as the key driving factor for education and career success. Then the focus shifted and broadened to include emotional intelligence, or EQ. Now, employers increasingly want workers with a high adaptability quotient, or AQ. The rapid pace of change in the workplace increasingly demands that workers are flexible, adaptable, capable of performing new roles, capable of adopting new practices, and capable of building new behaviors in short time spans. Implications: Intellectual capacity remains important, as does emotional intelligence. However, constant change, new challenges, and shifting expectations demand that we nurture in students the skills necessary to adjust to their environment quickly and smoothly. What experiences are we designing and presenting to students to prepare them to successfully respond to changes in the work roles they'll fill, respond to expectations presented to them, and respond to skills demanded of them? Trend #3. Employers are placing less emphasis on degrees and more on skills and potential. Formal degrees will remain important, but they’ll be given less weight on their own. Employers progressively want to know what skills potential employees bring and how motivated they are to continue learning. Rapid changes in work environments, expectations, and skill needs will make it increasingly imperative that workers not only have strong, relevant work skills, but they'll need equally strong learning skills and motivation to continue learning. Implications: While academic learning will remain important, the ability to apply what is learned, develop new ideas, and design innovative approaches will become increasingly valued by employers. The ability to be taught will increasingly be considered only one way of learning. Orientation toward curiosity, inquiry, and discovery will be priority characteristics of sought-after workers. How are we encouraging, nurturing, and valuing these characteristics among our students? Trend #4. Businesses are placing increasing priority on agile organizational positioning. Agility from the perspective of organizations and employers speaks to their ability to change quickly without loss of focus or momentum. One of the key strategies employers now adopt to create agility is hiring free-lance and contract workers. These workers bring existing skills to assist organizations to shift quickly. They offer flexibility to enter and exit projects and initiatives as their skills are needed and work is completed. Employers do not have to be as concerned with issues, such as retirement, sick leave, vacations, and other benefits typically given to full-time, permanent employees. Implications: Free-lance and contract workers need to take responsibility for staying current in their areas of skill and expertise. They need to be sensitive to new skill and learning needs and quickly secure the expertise they need to remain competitive and attractive to employers. They also must assume responsibility for providing consistent quality in the work they do to assure consideration for future work. How are our students learning to take responsibility for their learning, initiating learning efforts, and ensuring the quality of their work without constantly deferring to adults to judge their work and direct their learning? Of course, not every one of our students will enter a work environment influenced by these trends. However, skills, characteristics, and dispositions prioritized by these trends will give our students important advantages regardless of the careers they choose or environment within which they choose to work.

December 02, 2022

Achievement Gaps and Discipline Disparities—Five Questions to Ask

Among the two greatest challenges we face as we emerge from the pandemic are lagging academic achievement and student behavior. The pandemic harmed students in both areas, and we need to address them. However, the pandemic also exacerbated a long-standing, problematic relationship that is even more concerning today. For decades, we have been concerned about the existence of gaps between the achievement of groups with certain characteristics, especially students of color and Caucasian students. Meanwhile, we’ve attempted to address disparities in discipline incidents based on race for years. Yet, the two phenomena have typically been studied and addressed largely as separate, unrelated issues. Changes in academic performance have been viewed as instruction/curriculum/learning issues while disparities in discipline have been viewed as cultural/contextual/connectedness issues. Importantly, a recent study calls the approach of separating these two challenges into question. The study suggests that the connection between achievement gaps and discipline disparities is stronger than we have assumed. It also may be that working on one of the gaps can influence the other and that working on both types of gaps may have a larger beneficial impact on school success than previously understood. The researchers studied achievement gaps and discipline disparities using data from more than 2000 American school districts drawn from the Stanford Education Data Archive, a massive database of math and reading scores and racial achievement gaps, and federal civil rights data on school suspensions. The research was conducted by a team of researchers from several universities, led by a professor from Stanford University. The analysis focused on students in grade three through eight from the 2011-12 school year to 2013-2014. In general, the study found that students who attend schools in districts with large racial achievement gaps experienced higher suspension rates. However, the disparity was greatest for black students. For example, a widening of ten percent in reading and math achievement gaps between black and white students was accompanied by a 30 percent larger gap in suspension rates between black and white students, as compared to similar school districts. On the flip side, school districts with black/white suspension rate gaps ten percent wider than average, experienced black-white achievement gaps that were 17 percent wider. Importantly, this relationship between academic achievement gaps and discipline disparities held firm even when controlled for socio-economic, parent education, and other demographic characteristics. The study did not extend to causational factors driving the relationship between achievement gaps and discipline disparities. However, the result of the study suggests several important questions for us to consider and test in our own schools and districts. First, is it possible that when students are suspended from school that missed instruction and lost learning opportunities lead to lower academic performance? Logic suggests that this may be at least one factor. Obviously, finding alternatives to out-of-school suspension and maintaining learning and teaching continuity could reduce this impact. Second, might suspensions from school result in students feeling less connected in their relationships to school staff and fellow students? We know that a sense of belonging and being accepted are important factors in support of the willingness of students to take learning-related risks and practice learning persistence. Third, might some suspensions be the result of students feeling as though they cannot be successful in school? If students believe they cannot succeed, they sometimes choose to behave in ways that connect academic failure to misbehavior rather than unsuccessful learning efforts. High quality learning experiences, effective instruction, and appropriate supports can go a long way toward preventing students from facing such a choice. Fourth, are there negative perceptions embedded in the school culture about the ability of some groups of students to excel in academics? What we believe about the abilities of our students can make a big difference in what they believe about their own potential and our commitment to ensure that they succeed. Fifth and related, do we hold expectations and perceptions, whether higher or lower, about the behavior of some groups of students that lead to inequitable discipline? Behavior that may be outside of dominant cultural norms can sometimes become the basis for discipline even when the behavior is not threatening or disruptive to the school environment. Understanding and flexibility often can go a long way toward avoiding unnecessary disciplinary incidents and achieving equity. Obviously, the findings of this study raise many important questions. It is crucial that we review the experience of students in our schools and determine if these same conditions are present. If so, we have no time to waste in determining causes and designing strategies to achieve the academic and behavioral outcomes we need.

November 28, 2022

Is Gamification of Learning the Answer?

Gamification in education typically refers to systems of incentives, experiences, competition, or other means to induce students to engage in learning. Gamification comes in many forms. It can be as soft a touch as providing rewards and badges for accomplishing a task or demonstrating mastery of a concept, or as extensive as a full-fledged game where separate rules, scoring, and other aspect of competition dictate how participants will engage and prevail. On one side of the debate, advocates argue that it’s a great way for students to learn and have fun at the same time. Many educators see it as a way to convince students to engage in learning they might otherwise find unattractive and want to avoid. Without question, students can find gamification of learning to be enjoyable and motivating. Meanwhile, students are learning academic content and skills to compete and be rewarded. On the other side of the parley, many educators fear students will become so preoccupied with succeeding in the game that little attention will be paid to the purpose and value of what they’re learning. While they may be able to show progress, it may be in the context of the game, not in response to purposeful engagement with academic content and skills. Also of concern is how well students retain what they learn beyond the context of the game. We know that when the perceived purpose for learning has been met, such as learning to pass an exam or win points in a game, retention can quickly drop. On the other hand, when learning serves a deeper and longer purpose connected to life opportunities and goals, it’s more likely to remain accessible to students farther into the future. Other questions regarding the role and value of gamification in learning include:

Might gamification be used as a strategy to gain initial engagement with a specific aspect of academic learning?

Can gamification be beneficial for learning that has no clear, life or learning goal connection, such as memorizing required technical information?
Should gamification be avoided when what we are asking students to learn has an important purpose, needs to be retained beyond immediate assessment, and holds the potential to be engaging for students without additional structure or rewards?
Does gamification detract from the development of key academic learning skills, strategies, and habits?

It might be argued that much of what is found in traditional academic curricula does not present a clear purpose for students. This problem is with the framing, presentation, and positioning of the content of the curricula, not the students who are being asked to learn it. After all, just about every student is interested in learning. They do it all the time. Our challenge is to help students see the purpose and value of the learning we present to them. Whether framing learning in the context of real-life benefits, value, and purpose, or embedding learning in the context of an artificial game, contest, or adventure, it is the ability to acquire, retain, and apply what students learn that matters most.

November 18, 2022

Why Encourage Young People to Become Teachers?

These are tough times to be an educator. In fact, a considerable number of current educators indicate they would make a different career choice if making the decision today. Unfortunately, many educators wouldn’t recommend that young people, including their own children, become teachers. Not surprisingly, enrollment in teacher preparation programs has plummeted. These sentiments are understandable given current conditions. However, when we step back and consider the significance of education to our society and the importance of learning to future generations, the matter takes on a distinctive character. We cannot afford to take a narrow, temporal view without considering the broader context and long-term implications of less-than-quality learning opportunities for our children and young people. We need to encourage our best and brightest young people to consider education as their mission. Let’s consider two of the most obvious reasons to encourage young people to consider education as a career. First, our children deserve to learn from great teachers. It is true that learning is an autonomous process. However, learning is heavily influenced by the conditions and support under which it occurs. Great teachers expose, inspire, nudge, and guide learners in ways that make learning richer, deeper, and more profound. Second, our collective future depends on each generation being well-educated and ready to contribute to the success and well-being of our society. Without bright, dedicated, and skilled teachers, we risk the future upon which we all depend. We need young people to take up the challenge of preparing the next generation. Compromising the learning of a single generation can compromise our societal and economic success for decades. The context within which education finds itself today also is changing and presents myriad opportunities to make a difference. Here are three more reasons we can share to encourage young people to consider a career in education. Third, we need intelligent, courageous, idealistic educators to advocate for the supports and opportunities that todays and tomorrow’s learners deserve. These are challenging times. The education profession does not currently receive the respect it deserves. Yet, the best hopes for the future, our learners, and the profession lie in the committed advocacy of skilled and courageous educators on behalf of the students whose future they are helping to shape. Changes in society, technology, and the workplace demand that future generations be well-prepared to participate and succeed. This reality represents an opportunity to change the perception and shape of the education profession. Fourth, opportunities to make changes are greatest during times of disruption. We are living through some of the most disrupted times in memory. There is consensus that education needs to change. Teachers entering the field in the next several years will have more opportunities to shape their practice and profession than any time in recent history. Fifth, the ability to help others learn will increasingly become a highly respected and well-compensated skill. It is true that teaching in the traditional model is not held in high regard by much of society. However, the ability to help others learn through design, technology, coaching, targeted instruction, and other means promises to grow in perceived value and demand. Learning is increasingly central to success in almost every profession. Those who have the expertise to stimulate and support learning will be afforded a wide range of practice and professional options and opportunities. In short, our nation needs bright, committed, talented young people to take up the challenge of educating the next generations of citizens. Our future depends on it. We cannot afford to be short-sighted or timid in the face of the challenges before us. We need to encourage young people to consider education and support them in their choice.

November 08, 2022

The Power of Noticing, Appreciating, and Supporting Each Other

Every time of the year brings its challenges. This month is no exception. We can feel nostalgia with the change of seasons. Shorter hours of daylight can signal our bodies that we need more sleep. Our energy and enthusiasm may ebb. Meanwhile, we continue to struggle to address our students’ learning needs. We may be dealing with behavior issues that accompanied students back to in-person school. We may also be facing more adult conflicts and troubling interactions than we recall from the past. Yet, there are actions we can take to counter these feelings and lift the spirits of our colleagues and staff. During times like these, we need to hear that what we do matters, that others understand what we are experiencing, and they want to support us. We need to get beyond glib sayings and meaningless phrases if we hope to have our words be heard and accepted and have an impact. Our messages will matter most if they include three crucial dimensions:

Attention: People want to know that we notice what they face, what they are doing, and how what they are contributing matters, especially to us.
Understanding: They want to know that we grasp how difficult, frustrating, and exhausting some tasks, responsibilities, and situations are, even if there are limits to what we can do immediately to lift the burden or resolve the situation.
Support: When we genuinely offer our support - whether tangible, emotional, or symbolic – we can lighten the load, make the work more worthwhile, and leave people feeling appreciated.

So, what might be some messages we can share that will make a difference? Here are five examples to consider and build on as your own:

I know that you are working hard right now. Is there something I can do to help?
I noticed how you worked through a difficult and challenging situation. I appreciate and admire the flexibility and creativity you demonstrated.
I have an idea about how to address a challenge we face, but I would appreciate your insights and advice before a decision is made.

I have noticed how your team seems to be pulling together despite the situation you face. Thank you for collaborating and continuing to search for the best answers.
I appreciate the insight and commitment you demonstrate in response to the student behavior incidents we have faced recently. Thank you for the sensitivity and wisdom you have shown.

There is no question that many of the challenges we face are enormous, longstanding, and systemic. However, we all do better when we notice, understand, and support each other. In fact, we may be surprised by the impact we can have when we commit to face our challenges together, work together, and search for solutions that will make a better future.

November 03, 2022

Five Reasons for Educators to Be Optimistic

Earlier this fall, Lexia Learning released the results of a study on attitudes and perceptions of educators regarding their optimism about or the likelihood of burnout in the year ahead. Not surprisingly, educators reported several significant future concerns. Yet, while more educators expressed fear of burnout, the percentage of teachers who alternatively reported optimism trailed close behind. Obviously, in the near term we’re flanked by concerns. We worry about resources available to serve all students, about time and effort needed to get students back on track with their learning, about the political climate in which we work, and other issues. However, when we step back from immediate issues and concerns, good reasons provide confidence for the education profession. First, a recent study by the Brookings Institution ranked educators as among the professions least likely to be replaced through automation. The rate of automated job replacement in the aftermath of the pandemic and the scarcity of workers are staggering. Researchers identified many tasks currently performed by teachers that can and likely will be automated. Yet, the study reinforced the crucial role of human interaction in support of learning. They noted that daily tasks and roles of teachers will likely become less administrative, while offering more time and opportunities to engage with and teach learners. Second and related, a recent study by McKinsey & Company estimated that 20-40% of the tasks performed by teachers, including some lesson preparation, grading, and general administrative tasks, could be automated using existing and developing technologies. The researchers estimated this automation could free up as much as thirteen hours per week for teachers to engage in other professional or personal activities. Of course, teachers often perform these necessary tasks outside school hours. The shift to automation poses a challenge, but with imagination, a willingness to risk, and commitment to succeed, it can happen. Meanwhile, researchers agreed with the Brookings Institution research team that educators’ key work of instructing, coaching, and guiding students will not likely see automation any time soon. Third, learning skills and the desire to learn are quickly becoming among the most prized skills and characteristics sought by employers. Our work to help students become skilled, motivated learners, who strive beyond following directions and responding to adult expectations, provides the best advantages we can offer. Equally important, as learning becomes a key advantage for workers and organizations, those who can build these skills and instill these attitudes in young people will likely enjoy new status and appreciation. Education may once again become a profession to which young people aspire and an option that caring adults will counsel young people to consider. Fourth, education still is a profession in which creativity is an everyday opportunity. Many jobs and work roles offer few or no opportunities for flexibility and creativity in response to real time conditions and challenges. Education, every day—often every hour—brings new challenges, insights, and conditions that invite our creativity and demand our flexibility. Of course, we can choose to ignore these opportunities, revert to prescribed practices, and fall back on traditional instructional models. Yet, new strategies we try, innovative approaches we learn, and creativity we employ fuel our success, satisfaction, and, often, our sanity. Fifth, even slight differences we make with learners can change their life trajectory. We engage with and nurture the learning of children and young people when their intellect, attitudes, and identity are still forming. At this point in their lives, a comment we make, a nudge we offer, or a sense of confidence we instill can be life changing. What we see as a small shift can be magnified decades later as new opportunities, new challenges, and new circumstances to shape the lives of today’s students in ways that can far exceed our imagination. If we doubt this fact, all we need to do is ask successful adults around us to describe key moments and influences that made a difference for them. Inevitably, we’ll hear stories of educators who believed in them, encouraged them, and pushed them to see and be more than they saw in themselves. Admittedly, this is a challenging time in education, but there are compelling reasons to be optimistic about our profession and our future. Equally important, we can choose to be a part of making real the future for which we hope.

October 28, 2022

Share Your Tips & Stories

Share your story and the tips you have for getting through this challenging time. It can remind a fellow school leader of something they forgot, or your example can make a difficult task much easier and allow them to get more done in less time. We may publish your comments.

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Time for a Mid-Course Discipline Check-Up

Several weeks have passed since the beginning of the school year, with instructional processes in place, daily routines established, and behavior expectations communicated. It now makes sense to step back and assess how the year is going. An area on which we might focus is classroom discipline. Setting the stage for a smoothly operating classroom took up our first weeks. By now, that foundation should be supporting an environment with diminished behavioral issues. Occasional distractions and disruptions are expected and managed through periodic reminders. This is typical, but it may not be our experience this year. A unique mix of students may be creating unusual challenges. We may have taken some aspects of establishing expectations and creating a learning environment for granted, assuming students already know and will follow usual classroom norms. Even if the situation doesn’t seem to be out of control, our students and we might benefit from a mid-course check-up to identify areas that need attention. A good place to start is by reviewing the three elements of a classroom discipline system. If one element gets ignored, handled inconsistently, or mismanaged, expect student behavior issues. Like any system, all elements must be in place for smooth and efficient operation. The first and most crucial aspect of an effective discipline system is its foundation. This element includes creating expectations, establishing routines, making rules, and other processes. Typically established at the beginning of the year, the foundation provides guidance to help students understand and anticipate the behavior expected of them. Involving students in establishing classroom routines, rules, and expectations increases the likelihood they will be respected and followed. With a well-established foundation, the need for other types of discipline decreases as students become skilled at managing their behavior in acceptable ways. Time invested in preventative discipline pays rich and lasting dividends throughout the year in avoidable distractions, disruptions, and lost learning time. Questions to consider regarding this foundation include:

What evidence do I have that behavior expectations are clear and understood?
Are classroom routines established well enough that students regularly follow them without needing to be reminded?
Do students accept classroom rules as fair and necessary?
To what extent do students take ownership of processes that help class run smoothly?

The second element is maintenance. Activity in this aspect of discipline serves to remind students to respect and follow procedures, routines, and rules. Attention, fairness, and consistency are crucial to maintaining preventative discipline. Key maintenance actions on our part include reminders, redirection, verbal admonishments, and suggestions for behavior change. When foundational discipline is well established, actions to maintain discipline become low-key and less frequent. Questions regarding maintenance of discipline include:

Where am I spending most of my discipline-related time and attention?
What classroom expectations, routines, and rules cause students the most problems?
How consistent and fair is my attention to behavior, regardless of which students are involved?
How are students responding to my reminders, redirection, verbal admonishments, and suggestions for behavior change?

The third element is behavior correction. Our actions in this element are necessary when foundation and maintenance measures do not result in students practicing acceptable behaviors. Corrective discipline typically features consequences. The best consequences are natural, such as moving a student to another area within or temporary removal from the classroom in response to actions that disrupt or distract other students. Importantly, we need to understand the causes of misbehavior or we risk escalating the situation, especially for students who have experienced significant and prolonged trauma. Questions to consider regarding corrective discipline include:

How frequently am I having to assign consequences for unacceptable and disruptive behavior?
Is the need for behavior-related consequences widespread or confined to a small number of students?
To what extent are my corrective discipline measures natural consequences for behavior versus punishment?
Is the assignment of consequences leading to improvements in behavior?

If our discipline program is working well, our review can help to maintain momentum as we enter the winter months. On the other hand, if aspects of the program need attention, now is the time to prioritize reestablished expectations and adjust routines, so our students and we can get on track. For more information and resources on managing behavior, check out our You Can Handle Them All… Courses Book App

October 21, 2022

The Debate: Have Textbooks Outlived Their Usefulness?

Textbooks have been ubiquitous in American classrooms for generations. Yet, the debate over the future of textbooks intensifies with complaints of outdated information and politically objectionable content, especially with the availability and ease of Open Education Resources and other growing technology-based options. Despite this, textbooks remain a staple of lesson planning and serve as guides for curriculum development. The special place textbooks occupy in traditional education makes it more difficult to retire them than we assume. Abandoning longstanding practices in education often proves more challenging than anticipated. Consider that textbooks:

Provide an efficient and consistent way to present curriculum content that aligns with state and local standards for instruction and learning.
Supply well-researched information collected, compiled, organized, and presented by discipline experts.
Match and align students’ levels of academic and social development with target content based on grade level. Calibrate vocabulary, readability, and other learning supports to match the average student’s anticipated grade readiness.
Require no additional devices or connectivity for basic use.
Represent a one-time purchase often used over multiple years.

On the other hand, textbooks present serious limitations:

By the time content is collected, organized, written, published, then made available, the textbook is out-of-date.
Textbooks are often treated as one-size-fits-all support for classroom instruction.
Textbooks provide limited perspectives regarding events, problems, or controversies.
Textbooks become susceptible to political agendas and dominant culture interpretations, especially those among politically powerful groups.
Chosen textbook approaches can conflict with the needs of students’ curriculum and learning paths.

As this debate unfolds, the considerations given most weight should relate to learning, not to teaching ease or to content control. Arguments should focus on students’ learning future and their learning needs. Consider these ideas to enhance debate:

Learning is best stimulated through engagement and experience, not exposure to content. Limited in experiential depth, textbooks cannot provide the growing number of tools and approaches available for richer learning experiences.
Stimulus for learning must integrate students' unique learning rates, learning paths, and their responses to diverse experiences.
Students should be exposed to issues from a variety of perspectives if we hope to nurture careful, informed, and critically thinking citizens. Exposure to a single or limited set of views shutters students from rich, important, and engaging learning opportunities.
Students deserve access to the most current information possible. Textbooks rarely expose students to real-time content. Better alternatives and richer options capture and deliver current issues, developments, and insights.

Make no mistake: Transforming our traditional instruction-driven system to a more learner-centered system will demand releasing long-held traditions and unexamined assumptions about teaching and learning. Educators should commit their informed voices and professional expertise to this debate.

October 14, 2022

Give Students a “Leg Up” to the Next Level of Learning

The future will demand more from our students than being able to follow directions, comply with expectations, and perform standardized tasks. Repetitive tasks and standardized processes increasingly can and will be performed by machines. The World Economic Forum recently projected that within eight years more than half of the tasks for which humans are paid will be performed by technology. Meanwhile, more than half of the jobs today’s students will hold do not yet exist. Learned skills that used to have a life cycle of three decades now have utility for five years. Future success requires constant learning and unlearning, adaptation and upskilling, curiosity and imagination, and confidence and grit. Workers proficient at managing standardized processes, applying learned formulas, and employing established protocols likely will find themselves falling short of expectations and at risk of being held back from success they seek. Meanwhile, opportunities for motivated learners possessing skills necessary to learn independently will fill the future. It is they who will take responsibility for growing their knowledge, will be curious and imaginative, will be prepared to test assumptions and question perceptions, and who will possess the courage and confidence to engage what is yet to be understood. Yet, the truth is that the schools most of us experienced and most students experience today were designed to prepare proficient students, not develop skilled learners. If we hope to make the transition necessary to prepare young people for their future, we need to change their learning experience. Four shifts can help us move beyond simply preparing proficient students to preparing skilled, motivated, independent learners. Here is how a student might describe learning experiences these shifts can highlight. Shift #1. I spend less time and energy doing what I am told and give more time and attention to taking responsibility and ownership for my learning. I have more choices in what and how I will learn, a stronger voice in my learning experience, and more control over the goals that guide my learning. I am open to receive more timely, descriptive, focused, and actionable feedback on my learning before a grade is assigned to my work. Further, because I have more control, I see more purpose and value in what I am learning. Shift #2. My learning is shifting from dependence on being motivated by and engaged in teacher directed activities and instead to giving more attention to building learning and problem-solving skills and strategies, making decisions about approaches and resources, and organizing and managing my work. Though making more mistakes than I used to, I am actively learning more from them. My learning involves more open-ended activities allowing me to plan, schedule, and monitor my work. Spending more time reflecting and adjusting my thinking and actions, I am learning to enlist the support of others by asking questions, tapping resources, and exploring perspectives other than my own. Shift #3. I spend less time waiting to be instructed and following directions and more time and energy dealing with ambiguity and figuring out how to solve problems. When I need help, my teacher is more likely to share potential models and suggest alternatives approaches than give me answers to the problem on which I am working. Not having a set-by-step process to follow can be frustrating, but it also gives me more control over my learning. Meanwhile, solving problems in this way gives me more confidence and pride than when I simply follow a given path. As a result, I learn more self-discipline and patience. Shift #4. I am less preoccupied with simply finding the correct answer and more committed to focusing on the best processes and finding the best path to an insightful and responsible outcome. I am discovering there is more than one way to find a solution, even though some approaches work better than others. I often must make multiple attempts, but I find I can learn a lot from what does not work. Focusing on the learning experience and process, I know if my work is good, the grade I receive will take care of itself. Of course, proficiency will continue to be important; it is just not enough to prepare students for their future. The good news is that we do not have to choose between proficiency and skilled learning. We can build proficiency while also nurturing skilled, independent learners.

September 02, 2022

Seven Ways to Convince Students They Belong

In the rush to start the year, create routines, and begin the learning journey, it can be easy to overlook an important contributor to student success. We need students to focus, commit, and persist in their learning. We want them to feel safe and comfortable. We need them to take risks and overcome mistakes and setbacks. Yet, unless students feel as though they are accepted and belong, they are not likely to give their best effort. On the other hand, when students feel as though they are valued and part of a community, learning is easier, self-doubt is less of a distraction, and engagement becomes a natural process. Unfortunately, a sense of belonging that extends to everyone in our class does not just happen. Students who come with confidence, a record of academic success, and significant social capital may assume they belong and will require little reassurance. Other students who have experienced feelings of not fitting in, who have been excluded in the past, or who may just lack confidence will need more intentional support. The good news is that we can nurture a sense of belonging through many of the practices and procedures we engage in daily. However, we need to be intentional and strategic in our efforts. Here are seven ways we can introduce, build, and sustain a sense of belonging, regardless of our students’ backgrounds and past experiences: First, learn students’ names and pronunciation early. Knowing students’ names and saying them accurately sends a message of value and importance. Until we know and use students’ names, we are not likely to have a positive influence on whether they feel they are accepted and belong. Also, we need to be careful about assigning and using nicknames. Some students may come to us with and prefer a nickname, but we need to confirm this information. Second, include students in developing class rules and norms. When we allow students to have a voice in how the class will operate, what is and is not acceptable, and how they will treat each other, we send a message that they share ownership for the class. While we need to be in charge, what students think matters. Of course, students are also more likely to internalize and follow rules and accept norms for which they have had input. Third, frame the work of the class as teamwork. Certainly, learning happens one student at a time, but peer support and encouragement can also be helpful to the learning process. We can set shared goals and plan activities that position students to work together and support each other. Common enemies and shared purposes can be powerful forces to build a sense of belonging. Fourth, connect personally with each student. Listening to and observing students can provide a wealth of insights to begin conversations, offer encouragement, and inquire about interests. We can also notice and greet students outside of class in hallways, at extracurricular events, and in the community. Being noticed and recognized can be powerful messages of belonging. Fifth, model showing acceptance and valuing all students, especially students who may be marginalized. When we sensitively use students within an example, comment on a strength, and lift up their contributions, we send a message to other students about what we notice and value. Our modeling can give the student confidence and lead others to shift their relationship with them. Sixth, assume that all students can find learning success. What we believe about students matters more than we may realize. If we do not believe that a student is capable of success, we are less likely to continue to nudge and encourage their learning to ever-higher levels. We are more likely to accept less than their best work. Further, we need to focus on learning over grades. All students can learn, even though students may start at different places, some may need more time, and others may follow different learning paths. We need to respect each student’s learning, even though the nature and amount may vary. Seventh, do not tolerate ostracism. What we choose to ignore can send a message that is as powerful as what we choose to support. We must be proactive to avoid ostracizing behaviors and respond immediately when we sense or see it. Ostracizing behaviors can be more frequent among students at certain ages and stages of development than at others, but it is cruel and hurtful at any age. We need our students to focus, commit, and persist in their learning. There will be challenges and setback in the weeks and months ahead. When we assure students that they belong and will be supported and successful, they can give their full attention and effort to learning.

August 19, 2022

The Master Teacher Blog