The Master Teacher Blog

We typically think of resilience as finding our way through a difficult experience or time, recovering, and being able to move past the experience. We may carry some “scars” with us from the experience, but we assume that returning to where we were before is success. Yet, settling for the ability to endure and survive leaves us where we started with little benefit to show from the experience.

As unpleasant as uncertainty, challenges, and change can be, they do not have to break us or even leave us where we were before they emerged. Adversity can be an important opportunity and stimulus for growth and learning. We might look to nature to understand the benefits of approaching challenges with an adaptive mindset. We know that when we stress our muscles in strength training, we become stronger. Trees exposed to persistent, vigorous wind develop stronger, deeper root structures. The stress of forest and grass fires stimulate new plant growth. When predators are introduced to ecosystems, other animals develop greater awareness, avoidance, defense, and escape skills.

Author Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his book, Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder, describes three general response options to stress, challenge, and uncertainty:

• Fragile: Unprepared, unaware, inflexible systems and people are likely to break under stress. Rather than endure, they give in to the pressure and abandon the struggle. Adversity leaves them weaker, less able to deal with stress, and with diminished ability to confront the next challenge.
• Resilient: Strong, durable systems and people focus on managing, enduring, and surviving. Their goal is to “live to fight another day,” but not necessarily adjust or improve because of the experience. Adversity generally leaves them where they started: standing, but not stronger or wiser.
• Antifragile: Flexible, adaptive, responsive systems and people view uncertainty, adversity, and pressure as opportunities to learn, adapt, innovate, and grow. Returning to normal following challenging times is not their goal. Becoming stronger, becoming better able to adapt and adjust, and building toward new levels of skill and success are their intended “takeaways” from these experiences. 

When conditions change, new elements are introduced to our world, or new challenges emerge, we can choose to give in and abandon the struggle, endure and survive, or adapt, learn, and grow. The course we choose can have lasting effects on our personal and professional lives.

Certainly, there are times when choosing to fight is futile, or committing to hang on is the best we can do. However, the greatest upside potential lies in leveraging difficult experiences to learn, grow, adjust, and thrive. The question is: How can we make the best use of challenging experiences and emerge wiser, stronger, and ready for what lies ahead? Consider these seven strategies as places to start:

• Interrogate adversity to find lessons you can learn. The lessons you learn may not only be useful now, but they may be good preparation for the future.
• Consider the challenge as an opportunity to innovate. Now can be a time to try something new.
• Explore what beliefs or assumptions may be getting in your way or holding you back. Try flipping your perceptions about the situation and see what new insights emerge.
• Examine the strategies and approaches that appear to be working for others. They may have discovered something that will be useful to you.
• Revisit something you tried that did not work.  Often the “seeds of success” can be found in efforts and attempts that did not fully produce desired results.
• Accept that you hold the power to choose how you will respond regardless of what you face. Embrace the power you have.
• Ask yourself, “What would I do if I were not afraid?” Fear can keep us from considering options and solutions that may involve risk but also hold significant promise.

Adversity is a natural part of life. We will face it regardless of whether we choose or deserve it. The question for us is how we will respond. We can give in, tolerate, or leverage these experiences. The choice we make can make a significant difference to our confidence, sense of control, and ability to deal with what the future holds.

Resource: Taleb, N. (2012). Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder. Random House.

We dedicate significant time and energy to preparation for the start of a new school year. Our attention is focused on arranging materials and equipment, learning everything we can about our students, setting the stage for the first several days, and hoping that all will go well. Predictably, not everything goes as planned. There are pleasant surprises, some unexpected challenges, and other “wrinkles” in our plans and expectations with which we need to deal.

As we move beyond the initial phase of structuring, expectation setting, and getting to know our students, our attention shifts to how well our early efforts are taking hold and our students are responding, and whether we are on track for sustainable success. Of course, we probably have a sense for how things are going, but it can also be helpful to have some signs and signals to monitor and assess our progress. Here are seven indicators we can consider.

Students greet us easily and positively as they enter the classroom. Eye contact, smiles, and verbal greetings are signs that students are comfortable with us, and positive relationships are forming. Of course, we need to be positioned to have them comfortably encounter us by standing at the door, greeting students by name, or otherwise positioning ourselves to welcome students.

Students are following established routines and transitions are smooth. It is a good sign if we are spending less time managing behavior and more time is available for instruction, discussion, reflection, and practice. Of course, behavior management will always be necessary. It is the gradual shift in balance that is important to monitor.

Students remind each other of classroom rules, expectations, and routines. Once students understand and are confident in what is expected of them and their behavior, they can be quick to notice when other students ignore or do not follow established norms. This behavior can be a sign that students are no longer relying entirely on us to enforce expectations and classroom culture is forming.

Students are active participants in class discussions and activities. As students become more comfortable and confident, they are more likely to ask questions and seek help when necessary. We can also monitor the levels of enthusiasm and engagement students show during activities.

Students are connecting with classmates. Obviously, some students will have existing friendships and students may be making new friends. Our attention needs to extend to whether we see obvious cliques forming, conflicts emerging, or efforts to exclude classmates.

Students generally submit assignments and complete tasks on time. Our monitoring might focus on whether students are giving adequate attention to detail and are striving to produce quality work. When students are demonstrating good work habits, time management, and organizational skills, the stage is set for a successful year.

Students seem willing to take learning risks, tolerate mistakes, and accept feedback. As the cadence of the school year settles in, we can begin to observe how students see themselves as learners. Confident learners are more likely to accept risks and mistakes as part of the learning process, while uncertain and reluctant learners are more likely to avoid risks and see mistakes as evidence of their lack of ability. How well students accept and use feedback can be a key indicator of how well students see themselves and are likely to grow as learners. 

A good start to the school year makes the remainder of the term or year better. Continuing to build and sustain momentum is much easier than trying to establish connections, create focus, and build culture once negative patterns are set.

A final thought: If you are part of a co-teaching or other type of instructional team, it is important to set consistent expectations and provide consistent responses when students need reminding and redirection. If adults are not on the same page, students will quickly notice, and some may choose to exploit the situation to our detriment.

It is not difficult to find someone willing to give advice. In fact, on most faculties there are people willing to provide seemingly endless advice, often without even being asked. Of course, not all the advice we receive is likely to be of high quality or may apply to our needs and reality.

Our challenge is to figure out what advice might be useful to us and decide what we should ignore. Sometimes the advice we receive is obviously not useful or relevant. At other times, the advice we receive may at first seem worthy, only to discover later that it falls short of what we need. Fortunately, there are some indicators we can heed to help us discern the advice we should consider and follow, and what we should reject or ignore. Here are six signs that the advice we receive may fall short and should be viewed with skepticism. 

The advice is simplistic or absolute.

Example: Students do not have to like you. They just need to respect you.

Certainly, respect is an important element of a positive, productive classroom climate, but respect rarely occurs in isolation. Fortunately, we do not have to choose between having positive relationships and the enjoying respect. The truth is that the most learning occurs, students behave their best, and we feel the greatest satisfaction when students like us AND a high level of respect is present. We can achieve both.

The advice is unrealistic.

Example: Treat every student the same.

This advice may initially sound as though it makes sense, until we consider the unique interests, needs, talents, and learning challenges that students bring with them. What will work best for and meet the needs of some students likely will fail with other students. Our knowledge of and relationships with students can help us to decide what they need, how to guide them, and how best to design learning experiences for them. Typically, advice that includes: “always,” “never,” and “every” is worth examining before following it.    

The advice is outdated.

Example: Memorization and drill are the best ways to ensure student learning.

While there remains a role for memorization and drill can build “muscle memory,” most of what students learn today will require that they understand and can apply what they learn. Learning experiences that build deeper insight, provide thinking tools, and stimulate ideas and connections will carry more lasting value for learners. Actively engaging students in analyzing, synthesizing, and applying what they learn can extend learning retention and make it more operationally accessible for students in the future.

The advice ignores your context.

Example: The most important thing is to cover the curriculum.

To a reasonable extent, we need to engage students with the most important elements of the curriculum. However, curriculum coverage is not what matters most. If students are exposed to information and skills, but do not learn and master them, we will have accomplished little. There are times when we need to slow down and focus on learning, even if it means that we will not be able to address every aspect of the formal curriculum. Of course, when this is the case, we may need to alert colleagues who will be working with our students to ensure that essential concepts and content are addressed in future learning.

The advice conflicts with your core values.

Example: "Focus your efforts on students who have or are close to meeting standards and don’t bother with the rest."

This advice might come as major assessments or accountability measures approach. While the advice might make the data look better, it risks sacrificing the needs and success of students who need our support the most. Unfortunately, following this advice means that we will abandon some students and ignore their needs. All students deserve our instruction, coaching, and support, regardless of where they are in relationship to generating high test scores and meeting learning standards.

The advice ignores your experience, knowledge, insight, and expertise.

Example: If a research study shows that a practice is effective, you should immediately adopt it with your class.

Being aware of current research is important, but many factors can determine whether it can be applied effectively in our context. The age and profile of students involved in studies matter. The conditions under which studies are conducted matter. Replicability of studies matter. Before blindly accepting and applying new research, we need to check its viability and likely applicability in our context, while considering our experience and expertise. 

Good advice can be amazingly helpful, especially in areas where we lack experience. However, not all advice is equal or worth heeding. Consider these six signs the next time you hear advice that leads you to question its value.

Hopefully, the summer has offered opportunities to disconnect from the press and stress of the past year and provided time to engage in other activities and endeavors. Mental and physical breaks are important to our health and feeling of well-being. They can also help us to refresh and re-energize.

However, the beginning of another school year will soon be upon us. These final weeks of summer can be a good time to begin to mentally re-engage. It can also be a time to revisit and maybe shift some important mindsets that can help us to have a successful start and sustain us throughout the year. Here are five perspectives that can help us to balance our thinking and inform our work as we prepare for what lies ahead.  

Less expectations for control and more prioritizing connection.

Classroom management is a key element in maintaining order and a focus on learning. We need to establish routines and clear behavior expectations. However, effective and sustainable classroom management requires more than setting rules and controlling behavior. The best classroom management grows out of mutual respect and strong, positive relationships with our students. Our success in the opening weeks of school and beyond will rest as much on the connections we make with students as they will on the rules we ask them to follow.

Less focus on covering content and more attention to nurturing learning.

For most of us, preparation to become a teacher focused heavily on how to organize and present content. Priority was often placed on coverage of what was contained in the formal curriculum. While these elements remain important, more crucial is what students understand, the purpose learning can serve, the ways in which they can use it, and the value they assign to it. A perfectly presented lesson carries little value if students fail to absorb, integrate, and retain what is presented to them. Now is a good time to remind ourselves that our work is nurturing learning, not just presenting content. We might think of our work as designing learning experiences, not planning lessons. Only when students are active participants in the teaching and learning process can we expect deep and lasting learning to result.

Less preoccupation with deficits and more valuing of assets.

It can be tempting to fall into the habit of focusing on what students do not know, what they cannot do, and the many things they do wrong. Students are not perfect, but every student has unique experiences, multiple strengths, and their own perceptions, perspectives, and strategies for managing life. The more we can identify, focus on, and leverage the valuable assets students possess the more we can build their confidence, gain their trust, and nurture their engagement. Of course, some students may not be convinced of their assets, and we may need patience and persistence to help them shift their thinking and begin to appreciate their assets.

Less pouring information in and more drawing insights out.

Many traditional teaching practices are based on the John Locke theory that students come as empty vessels and need to be filled with the information and knowledge that teachers present. Yet, we know that students come with many experiences, preferences, prior knowledge, and a desire to drive, or at least influence, what they learn. We also know that students learn better when they see connections to things they already know or have learned. The more we can draw out the ideas students have, help them make connections with what they already know, develop insights about what they are learning, and provide them with opportunities and options to influence and use what they learn, the more engagement, commitment, and learning retention we will see. 

Equal priority on products and process.  

During the school year, it is important to not only prioritize student success with grades, test scores, and other outcome measures, but also to equally value the learning process to obtain success along the way. While final products are important, they carry little value if the considerations, decisions, and processes necessary to generate them are ignored or lost. Increasingly, artificial intelligence can generate a product without students understanding context, being aware of sequences, or gaining crucial knowledge. Grasping key principles, managing essential information, developing core knowledge, and other process elements can be equally as important as generating a grade, obtaining a test score, or completing a project. The more we can help students to meaningfully engage in and value the processes that contribute to or generate important outcomes, the better prepared they will be for the world after graduation.

Undoubtedly, the coming year will be filled with its share of challenges and opportunities, delights and disappointments, successes and setbacks. Consider the balance of these five mindsets as you navigate what lies ahead. Also, feel free to add other mindsets that you have found helpful to guide your thinking and inform your actions. 

Now can be a good time to pause and reflect on the current state and preferred direction of our lives and work. With distance from day-to-day professional pressures, problems, and other stressors, we can gain some perspective and consider the larger picture within which we live each day.

Of course, it can be helpful to have some structure to engage in this sort of reflection. Having a sense of where to look and what to consider can help us to be more efficient and gain greater clarity. Whether you are personally looking for self-reflection activities, an administrator looking to engage your teachers in professional development sessions, or a teacher looking for opportunities to have your students work on self-reflection, here are five reflection activities that can be good places to start.

Our Personal Mount Rushmore

A useful initial activity can be to reflect on who would have a place on our personal Mount Rushmore. Like the actual Mount Rushmore, we might identify the people who have helped us to become who we are. Selecting just four or so people might be a challenge, but the idea is to limit inclusion to those who have had an outsized influence. We might also consider what it is about these people that make them worthy of such a place of honor and influence.

Our Personal Board of Directors 

Another activity is to reflect on who is or should be on our personal “Board of Directors.” In this activity, we might identify people in our lives who have the greatest influence on our decisions, provide support, and give us guidance. This activity can help us to be more aware of who is having an impact on our lives in real time. Of course, our reflection might also reveal that we need more people on our board of directors and/or that there may be people on our board of directors who may not be giving us good advice or providing support and who should be removed and replaced.

Our “True North”

This reflection is to identify who in our lives helps us to find our way through uncertain times. They may be the person or persons to whom we turn when we face a moral dilemma. They may be a source of wisdom on which we depend. Or they may provide the emotional support we need to think clearly and decide where to focus. They may not be the person who tells what to do as much as help us to figure out what is best.

Our Life Movie Cast

In this reflection, we imagine that we were making a movie of our lives and need to “cast” it with people who have played various roles in our life story. Who might be the supporting actor or actors? Is there a hero or heroine other than you? Who would provide comic relief? Who fits the role of mentor or guide? Might you identify an antagonist? The idea behind this reflection is to consider the narrative of our life and who is influencing it in what ways and to surface “plot shifts” we might want to make.

Our Shield of Safety

We also have people in our lives who make us feel safe. In this reflection, we might consider who we deeply trust. Who makes us feel seen when we feel invisible? Who makes us feel valued when we doubt ourselves? Who is there for us when we feel vulnerable and need reassurance? These are special people in our lives, especially when we most need support and protection.

This series of reflections may help us to better appreciate those in our lives who have had or are having an outsized influence. They are people who make us who we are. We also may have identified some people we have taken for granted or who may not know what they mean to us. Now is a great time to reach out and let them know how important and special they are. Don’t delay!

We know when working with students that the absence of boundaries does not necessarily lead to freedom, flexibility, and creativity in their work. Often, the lack of boundaries leads to chaos, conflict, and distraction, and in many ways, failing to set boundaries in our lives can lead to similar outcomes. Without boundaries, we often find ourselves uncomfortable, ineffective, and frustrated.

Tony Martignetti, writing in Fast Company, explains that boundary-setting is crucial to being productive, building trust, and finding satisfaction. Martignetti argues that boundaries are less about having to say “no” and more about being able to say “yes” to what we value. Martignetti’s observations about boundary-setting might be summarized as:

• Good boundaries are structures, not barriers. Boundaries help us to decide where to place our energy, what to avoid, and what to let go.
• Effective boundaries are less about time and more about attention. We might think of boundaries as dictating how we spend our time, but boundaries work best when they help us decide where to allocate our mental and physical energy.
• Thoughtful boundaries do not constrain; they clarify. Boundaries can help us to sort out priorities and set goals.
• Sustainable boundaries do not block energy; they protect it. When our energy is in short supply, clear boundaries can preserve what we have and help us to use it where it makes the greatest difference.
• Strategic boundaries do not undermine commitment; they focus it. Gaining clarity about what we value and how we want to live can create new levels of productivity without unduly exhausting our energy or undermining relationships.

Summer can be a great time to reflect on what we value, how we want to live, and how we might set boundaries that maximize our effectiveness and productivity without compromising our health, relationships, and happiness. Here are some ideas to get started:

• Spend time reflecting on what is most important. Clarifying our life and work values can help to set priorities, sort areas of conflict, and guide the establishment of boundaries.
• Revisit current boundaries. Reviewing where current boundaries are working well and identifying boundaries we are ignoring or not following can help us to decide what to keep, what to fix, and what to abandon. If regularly bringing work home and sacrificing family time and relationships is a source of stress, this pattern might be a good place to start.
• Identify “pain points.” We might think about times and circumstances when we feel the greatest guilt, frustration, or exhaustion. They can be good places to focus our boundary-setting work. Often, these situations represent a conflict between what we value and how we behave.
• Reach out to a colleague or friend who seems to set and manage boundaries well. Discovering what works for someone who shares our general circumstances might provide options we can adopt or adapt to fit our needs. As examples, learning how a colleague establishes and manages limits to work hours or has a shutdown routine at the end of the day can provide options and practices we choose to follow.
• Think of boundaries as guidelines to respect, not unbreakable rules. Depending on the boundary, there may be times when we need to flex to accommodate unusual circumstances. Inflexibility can create as much stress and conflict as not establishing a boundary. For example, we might establish a manageable limit to the number of committees and work groups we join, but an emergency or special task force that needs our expertise may lead us to make a temporary exception.
• Notice when frustration, anxiety, or resentment begin to grow. When these feelings persist, they may be signals that it is time to revisit a current boundary or establish a new one. Circumstances can change from year to year, month to month, and even week to week. Boundaries that worked for us in the past may no longer serve us well. As examples, technology we used to control may be starting to control us. Or the time we have blocked out for self-care, family, or relaxation may no longer work for us and needs to be adjusted.

We need boundaries to sustain our energy, mental health, and productivity. Boundaries can create as much freedom as they provide limits. However, we need to establish them with care. The key is to find what works for us and allow our boundaries to give us the structure, clarity, and confidence that can keep us fresh and sustain our enthusiasm and commitment.

Reference:

Martignetti, T. (2025, May 19). Healthy boundaries at work matter more than ever. Here are 7 steps to build them. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/91334582/healthy-boundaries-at-work-matter-more-than-ever-here-are-7-steps-to-build-them

Conversations about bias are not new, but there has been a more recent trend addressing the implicit biases that we develop naturally through the experiences we have, the experiences we don’t have, how we interpret our experiences, and what we learn from others. Biases influence what we believe about people and what happens to and around us. They influence our expectations, interpretations, and interactions with others, including our students.

Biases are invisible yet omnipresent. They subtly and persistently influence how we see and engage with our students, and as an extension, they can shape how our students experience learning in our classrooms. Our biases can influence our students’ emotional state and psychological development, and they can hold the potential to undermine our efforts and our students’ learning. Let’s explore five of the most common biases that haunt our classrooms and how we can counter them.

Expectancy bias. Also known as the Pygmalion Effect, this bias allows our perceptions of students’ potential to drive what we expect, how we support, and how we evaluate the work and behavior of students. Multiple research studies have shown this bias to have a significant effect on how well students learn and perform. This may be good news for students whom we perceive to be talented, but it is very bad news for students we perceive as having low potential. Expectancy bias can also influence student behavior. Students whom we perceive as well behaved can more easily be given extra chances and the benefit of the doubt, while students perceived as mischievous, sneaky, or otherwise prone to misbehavior are often blamed and punished more frequently and harshly.

How to counter: We can avoid expectancy bias by having high expectations for all students and not allowing past performance to shape our beliefs about their future potential. We might commit to supporting all students to build their potential. We can also focus on individual student progress rather than comparing the performance of some students to others.

Gender bias. This bias involves different perceptions about female and male students. As examples, girls are assumed to share characteristics such as being more likely to demonstrate good behavior and skills in reading and writing but not being as likely to demonstrate strong skills in math and science. Boys are seen as more prone to mischief and leadership roles and not as strong in communication and relationships. While there may be some natural gender-related tendencies present, girls and boys share more characteristics than not. Girls commonly demonstrate strengths and interests often attributed to boys, and boys often excel in areas that are perceived to favor girls.

How to counter: We can start by being conscious of the language we use, the assumptions we make, and the behaviors we practice that reinforce gender labels. We might make it a point to balance opportunities for participation, responsibilities, and leadership. Further, we can encourage and support students—regardless of gender—to enroll and excel in a wide variety of academic and career-related subjects.

Stereotype bias. Socioeconomic status, ethnic background, race, and other factors can play a role in how we see and interact with our students. We may hold lower expectations for these students’ learning and expose them to less rigorous curricular content. We may make negative assumptions about their likely behavior and commitment to learning. We may even press them less to perform than we do for other students.

How to counter: We can regularly check ourselves and our beliefs to be certain that we are not expecting or supporting these students’ learning less than that of our other students. We can focus on each student as an individual, value their strengths, and support their growth. We also need to review instructional materials and resources to avoid reinforcing stereotypes and to ensure positive models for learning.

Affinity bias. We sometimes encounter students with whom we feel a stronger than usual sense of connection. We may share similar personalities, backgrounds, interests, or even certain life challenges. Even without consciously deciding to do so, we can give these students more attention, encouragement, support, and positive feedback than other students. While the students who experience our affinity may benefit, other students often pick up on what they see as favoritism. As a result, they can feel unseen, ignored, or even disliked, and those can lead to feelings of resentment; meanwhile, the student who is the object of our affinity can experience separation, teasing, and jealousy from classmates.

How to counter: Being aware of our feelings and the consequence of showing favoritism is a good start. We might also be careful to provide equitable feedback and attention to all students. We could even go as far as collecting data on our interactions to ensure an equitable distribution exists among all students.

Confirmation bias. When we have a preferred approach or have done something in a certain way for some time, we can assume that it is the best way to do it, even when there is evidence that other approaches work better, at least in some circumstances. Equally challenging, when trying alternative approaches and strategies, we can find ourselves paying closest attention to information that supports what we expect rather than objectively evaluating evidence. Confirmation bias can leave us clinging to practices that are not effective or that are not as effective as other options and approaches.

How to counter: Commit to having current practices prove themselves. Start with an expectation that a different approach might be better, and collect evidence in an attempt to prove it. Allow the evidence, rather than pre-existing beliefs, to determine the outcome. However, be certain to practice the alternative approach long enough to become proficient before making a judgment.

Biases can be destructive, but they are not inevitable—and we are not helpless to them. We can educate and equip ourselves to understand and overcome their presence and their impact. Our commitment to our students can be the motivating force.

Sweet, sweet summertime! For some educators, summer break is a time to do just that—take a break. Others do not have that luxury. And for many, summer is a time for both leisure and continued work, work that may or may not be related to education. These next few months will almost certainly seem to fly by; how we spend them remains to be seen, but if we are lucky, we will have time to rest and time to learn and grow.

Summer does not always mean that we have the time and opportunity to take a course or that we can set aside the time we do have to attend a conference. When possible, these are certainly great sources for learning; they can be excellent for networking, re-energizing our passion for education, and providing professional growth experiences. However, courses and conferences are not the only ways to gain new skills and elevate our practice.

When our summer is too full, too hectic, or too unmanageable to engage in formal learning—or if we just don’t want to go that route—we have an array of other options from which we can choose. These options can flex to accommodate our schedule, and they can allow us to focus on what we want to learn, when and where we want to learn it. Let’s explore six informal, but promising, ways to feed a summertime desire to learn.

Consider setting aside time to meet with a colleague (or colleagues) whose practice you admire. Often, colleagues who have an existing relationship with us and who share common experiences can provide highly useful tips, techniques, and ideas we can adopt or adapt for use with our students. Our relationship can also make it safe to ask questions that we might be reluctant to ask in other settings. Equally beneficial, we can share effective strategies and approaches from our practice that our colleagues may find beneficial in their work with their students.

You might join an educator group on social media. Like the first option, engaging with other educators in an informal setting can make it more comfortable to ask for advice, ideas, and suggestions that we can add to our repertoire of instructional, classroom management, and administrative strategies. Learning from others who share similar experiences can also provide us with encouragement and reassurance. Social networking can offer opportunities to share ideas and insights about what works for us.

Set aside time to read books, journals, and blogs you did not have time to read during the year. There never seems to be enough time to read everything shared with us, especially during the school year. We might have a stack of journals that were set aside for later reading. We might have heard from colleagues and others about books that they have found especially useful. Or we may follow blog sources that we have not had time to keep up with. Summer can offer the opportunity to return to these sources of information at a time when we can read, reflect, and plan.

Listen to professionally-focused audio and video podcasts. Summer break can offer a wide array of options for listening and watching podcasts. Whether driving to and from summer destinations, relaxing between summer activities, or engaging in physical activities that leave room for your mind to wander, podcasts can be a good way to catch up on issues and trends of interest, explore new ideas and thinking, or encounter some new perspectives worth considering and trying out.

Do your own blogging or podcasting. Of course, we don’t necessarily have to just read or listen to the ideas and insights of others. We can capture and share our own thinking and practice with others. While we might not initially consider this approach for learning, in fact, reflecting on our own practice, explaining useful techniques, and sharing what we have experienced can be a great way to solidify what we have learned, understand a deeper level of what we know, and discover new ideas and even better ways to accomplish our work.

Engage in your own research. We may want to find our own path as we seek to learn a new technique, overcome a persistent barrier, or uncover something completely new. Beyond what we may learn through the usual channels, we might search websites and databases that specialize in new research, report on promising practices, or engage in deeper debate regarding educational issues. This approach can pair well with a summer school course we might be teaching or a course we are preparing to teach in the fall.

Summer can be a valuable time for learning and reflection, but we do not need to rely solely on formal options and opportunities. The fact is that we can create our own! When we take responsibility for our own learning and find ways that work for us, the results can be amazing.

After the end of an eventful school year, the beginning of a well-deserved summer break can be a good time to step back, reflect, and attempt to make sense of the shifting, stirring, and often stubborn issues and challenges we face. The pace of our work can often make it difficult to see and make sense of what is happening in the world around us. Consequently, while we might busy ourselves trying to fix symptoms of problems, we might not truly understand the root causes of what vexes us.

Teachers, administrators, paraeducators, and other school staff members share many frustrations and distractions that can get in the way of serving students and supporting their learning. The challenge is to frame issues so that they can be understood and addressed. Fortunately, questions can often serve as tools to begin the process of understanding and lead us to see issues with greater depth and insight.

As we reflect on this school year and think about the next one—or the ones after that—we can use some key questions to guide our thinking, planning, and actions. Here are ten questions that may be useful to the quest.

• How is the make-up of our student body changing? What do we know about changes in poverty levels, shifting demographics, expectations of education, career aspirations, and other experiences, expectations, and challenges that shape our students’ relationships with us and learning? How might shifts in make-up of the student body be having an impact on academic achievement, behavior, social cohesiveness, and other issues we observe?
• What forces are shaping the ways in which our students relate to each other and us? Technology, social media, and political divisions may be at play. Shifts in housing development and availability or in socioeconomic appearances might also be factors. We may not be able to change or dismantle these forces, but recognizing them can help us to understand, give guidance, and provide resources where appropriate. We might teach students more or different coping mechanisms, coach useful skills, and offer other opportunities to counter what they face.
• What rules and expectations no longer serve the purposes for which they were established? Consider that chewing gum was a big no-no in the 1950s (and in some schools and classrooms still to this day!). Hair and skirt length were flashpoints in the 60s. Some schools had policies about students’ “bold beauty” expressions in the 80s. What battles are we fighting today that need a “ceasefire” and a reset? Cellphones and smartwatches are receiving lots of attention, for valid reasons, but they are likely not the only elements to consider.
• What routines and rituals no longer seem relevant to—or serve the interests of—our students? Tradition components of student dances, pep assemblies, theme days, and some clubs might be places to start our reflection. How are we shifting what we offer to align with what students find interesting and worth engaging in? Esports, niche clubs, and student-generated activity ideas might be good starting places.
• What instructional practices no longer generate the same levels of engagement and learning? Teaching harder, persisting longer, and pushing more may not be the answer, especially when those things occur at the expense of teacher morale and student achievement. It may be time to shift approaches, let go of long-held assumptions, and explore other strategies. As examples, what if we began our instruction where students are, not where we want—or where the curriculum expects—them to be? What if we gave students more choice and voice in what and how they will learn? What if, instead of us setting goals for students, students were expected and supported to set goals for their own learning?
• How clear are we about the future for which we are preparing our students? Of course, no one can fully predict the future, but there is much that we can anticipate and plan for. What skills will students need to be successful? Where and how well are we teaching, nurturing, reinforcing, and having students utilize these skills as they learn?
• Do we need to revisit how are we defining success? Are test scores enough? Many educators, if not most, say no. What other data and indicators should be captured and analyzed? What might a comprehensive profile of success look like for our students? For our school or district? Students and learning are complex, and determining what defines success needs to reflect that.
• How are parent expectations changing? We know that in general, parent support has waned. What might be causing this shift? What might we do to better align what we do with what parents are expecting? What can be done to see higher levels of parent support, and how do we get there? Similarly…
• How are the ways in which parents and the community communicate and engage with us changing? Are periodic newsletters effectively communicating our message? How effective are the channels through which parents and the community communicate with us? Might we need to engage new or shift social media and messaging platforms? How will we know when we get it right?

Obviously, not every question on this list is relevant to your circumstance, and some of the ideas mentioned are more actionable than others. There also may be issues or topics missing from this list that you need to consider and plan for as you think about the coming year. You know your community and the issues and pressures that are likely to require attention and leadership in the next school year. Consider framing these items as questions for your reflection, investigation, and planning during the summer months—but make time to focus on relaxation and restoration, too.