November 20, 2025

Debate: Should We Hug Students? Cautions and Considerations

There is no shortage of arguments about whether teachers should hug students. Some say that hugs leave teachers open to accusations of inappropriate touching. Others are concerned that hugs might be misinterpreted. Still, others are not comfortable hugging anyone, including students. On the other hand, advocates speak to the importance of human connection, especially during difficult and emotional times. They argue that human touch, including hugs, are effective ways to communicate caring, encouragement, and empathy.

Meanwhile, several research studies have documented the benefits of hugs. Hugs can release oxytocin, serotonin, and dopamine—the brain’s feel-good hormones. Hugs also can activate cortisol, the anti-stress hormone, thus reducing levels of anxiety and depression. In addition, studies have shown a connection between hugs and reductions in stress-related illnesses and infection.

In an academic context, positive touch has been linked to increased class participation and increases in on-task behavior. In younger children, studies have connected positive touch with decreases in disruptive behavior.

So, what steps can we take to minimize the risks associated with hugs and maximize the benefits? We can start by noting these elements:

Become familiar with and follow any school policies that might provide guidance or present restrictions on hugging and related contact with students.
Discuss the concepts of personal space and giving permission with students.
Ask for permission before initiating a hug, especially with students who may have experienced trauma.
Respect any cultural difference that might be related to physical contact.
Keep hugs brief and non-intrusive.
Allow students to initiate hugs.
Consider side hugs as an alternative.
Confine hugs to public spaces.

Of course, hugs are not the only options for making human contact. If hugs are not for you or appropriate in the current setting, consider one or more of the following alternatives:

Fist bumps
Elbow bumps
High fives/air fives
Shoulder taps
Handshakes
Authentic smiles
Kind and encouraging words
Meaningful eye contact
Written sticky notes

We might think of these alternatives to hugs as “micro-moments” of acknowledgement and connection. Not all of them carry the level of connection and offer the same psychological and physical benefits of hugs. However, depending on the setting, cultural context, age and gender of students, and our comfort level, they can be safe, useful, and beneficial alternatives.